The cancer is more advanced than it was in stage I, but it hasn't spread outside the prostate. Stage II is divided into stages IIA, IIB, and IIC. In stage IIA, cancer (found in half or less on one side of the prostate). We compared the effectiveness, benefits, risks and costs of surgery and radiation in the treatment of prostate cancer.
Each of these patterns is then classified based on its resemblance to normal prostate tissue (Leslie, 202). When you have prostate cancer, your treatment plan and prognosis depend on how far the cancer has spread at the time of diagnosis. If you have any questions about your stage, ask someone on your cancer care team to explain them to you in a way you understand. If prostate cancer hasn't spread to distant parts of the body (stages 1 to 4A), the five-year survival rate is nearly 100 percent, according to the American Cancer Society.
There is a 30 to 50% chance of finding prostate cancer on a subsequent biopsy when a high-grade PIN is found. Doctors also often use a digital rectal exam, in which they use a gloved finger to detect abnormal prostate growth. A pathologist determines your Gleason score by looking at a biopsy of prostate tissue under a microscope. Many experts use the Gleason score to classify prostate cancers into “grade groups.” They are also assigned a number, ranging from 1 to 5, with 1 being the least likely to grow and 5 being the most likely to grow.
After the biopsy confirms prostate cancer, the patient may undergo additional tests to see if it has spread through blood or lymph nodes to other parts of the body. Because this is the most advanced stage of prostate cancer with the worst prognosis, treatment will vary depending on several factors, including age, health status, and side effects of treatments. A pathologist, the doctor who specializes in analyzing cells removed during a prostate biopsy, will provide two starting points: the grade of the cancer and the Gleason score. Doctors use this information, along with the stage of the cancer, to choose the best treatment for you.
Because the lowest grade a cancer cell can have is grade 3 (grades 1 and 2 are rarely used to describe cancerous tissue), the lowest Gleason score for cancer is grade 6 (total of primary and secondary scores) and is considered low-grade prostate cancer. While the stage of a prostate cancer may help to get an idea of the severity of the cancer, doctors are looking for other ways to determine how likely it is that prostate cancer will grow and spread, which could also help determine the best treatment options for a man. Donald Gleason originally developed the Gleason prostate cancer score in the 1960s as a way to measure how aggressive prostate cancer can be.
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